Fahimtar Muhimmancin Hanyoyin Walƙar Bututun Da Ya dace don Bututun Karfe Karfe da ake Amfani da su a Layin Ruwan Ƙaƙa.
Karfe bututuana amfani da su sosai a cikin bututun ruwa na ƙasa saboda ƙarfinsu da ƙarfin jure matsin lamba na waje. Ana ƙera bututun daga ɗigon ƙarfe mai zafi mai birgima waɗanda ke yin siffa mai karkace. Tsarin walda mai karkace da ake amfani da shi don kera waɗannan bututu yana ba da ingantaccen tsarin tsari, yana sa su dace don aikace-aikacen ƙasa.
Diamita Mafi Girma | Ƙaunar bango mara kyau (mm) | ||||||||||||||
mm in | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 15.0 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 20.0 | 22.0 | |
Nauyi Kowane Tsawon Raka'a (kg/m) | |||||||||||||||
219.1 | 8-5/8 | 31.53 | 36.61 | 41.65 | |||||||||||
273.1 | 10-3/4 | 39.52 | 45.94 | 52.30 | |||||||||||
323.9 | 12-3/4 | 47.04 | 54.71 | 62.32 | 69.89 | 77.41 | |||||||||
(325) | 47.20 | 54.90 | 62.54 | 70.14 | 77.68 | ||||||||||
355.6 | 14 | 51.73 | 60.18 | 68.58 | 76.93 | 85.23 | |||||||||
(377.0) | 54.89 | 63.87 | 72.80 | 81.67 | 90.50 | ||||||||||
406.4 | 16 | 59.25 | 68.95 | 78.60 | 88.20 | 97.76 | 107.26 | 116.72 | |||||||
(426.0) | 62.14 | 72.33 | 82.46 | 92.55 | 102.59 | 112.58 | 122.51 | ||||||||
457 | 18 | 66.73 | 77.68 | 88.58 | 99.44 | 110.24 | 120.99 | 131.69 | |||||||
(478.0) | 69.84 | 81.30 | 92.72 | 104.09 | 115.41 | 126.69 | 137.90 | ||||||||
508.0 | 20 | 74.28 | 86.49 | 98.65 | 110.75 | 122.81 | 134.82 | 146.79 | 158.69 | 170.56 | |||||
(529.0) | 77.38 | 90.11 | 102.78 | 115.40 | 127.99 | 140.52 | 152.99 | 165.43 | 177.80 | ||||||
559.0 | 22 | 81.82 | 95.29 | 108.70 | 122.07 | 135.38 | 148.65 | 161.88 | 175.04 | 188.17 | |||||
610.0 | 24 | 89.37 | 104.10 | 118.77 | 133.39 | 147.97 | 162.48 | 176.97 | 191.40 | 205.78 | |||||
(630.0) | 92.33 | 107.54 | 122.71 | 137.83 | 152.90 | 167.92 | 182.89 | 197.81 | 212.68 | ||||||
660.0 | 26 | 96.77 | 112.73 | 128.63 | 144.48 | 160.30 | 176.05 | 191.77 | 207.43 | 223.04 | |||||
711.0 | 28 | 104.32 | 121.53 | 138.70 | 155.81 | 172.88 | 189.89 | 206.86 | 223.78 | 240.65 | 257.47 | 274.24 | |||
(720.0) | 105.65 | 123.09 | 140.47 | 157.81 | 175.10 | 192.34 | 209.52 | 226.66 | 243.75 | 260.80 | 277.79 | ||||
762.0 | 30 | 111.86 | 130.34 | 148.76 | 167.13 | 185.45 | 203.73 | 211.95 | 240.13 | 258.26 | 276.33 | 294.36 | |||
813.0 | 32 | 119.41 | 139.14 | 158.82 | 178.45 | 198.03 | 217.56 | 237.05 | 256.48 | 275.86 | 295.20 | 314.48 | |||
(820.0) | 120.45 | 140.35 | 160.20 | 180.00 | 199.76 | 219.46 | 239.12 | 258.72 | 278.28 | 297.79 | 317.25 | ||||
864.0 | 34 | 147.94 | 168.88 | 189.77 | 210.61 | 231.40 | 252.14 | 272.83 | 293.47 | 314.06 | 334.61 | ||||
914.0 | 36 | 178.75 | 200.87 | 222.94 | 244.96 | 266.94 | 288.86 | 310.73 | 332.56 | 354.34 | |||||
(920.0) | 179.93 | 202.20 | 224.42 | 246.59 | 286.70 | 290.78 | 312.79 | 334.78 | 356.68 | ||||||
965.0 | 38 | 188.81 | 212.19 | 235.52 | 258.80 | 282.03 | 305.21 | 328.34 | 351.43 | 374.46 | |||||
1016.0 | 40 | 198.87 | 223.51 | 248.09 | 272.63 | 297.12 | 321.56 | 345.95 | 370.29 | 394.58 | 443.02 | ||||
(1020.0) | 199.66 | 224.39 | 249.08 | 273.72 | 298.31 | 322.84 | 347.33 | 371.77 | 396.16 | 444.77 | |||||
1067.0 | 42 | 208.93 | 234.83 | 260.67 | 286.47 | 312.21 | 337.91 | 363.56 | 389.16 | 414.71 | 465.66 | ||||
118.0 | 44 | 218.99 | 246.15 | 273.25 | 300.30 | 327.31 | 354.26 | 381.17 | 408.02 | 343.83 | 488.30 | ||||
1168.0 | 46 | 228.86 | 257.24 | 285.58 | 313.87 | 342.10 | 370.29 | 398.43 | 426.52 | 454.56 | 510.49 | ||||
1219.0 | 48 | 238.92 | 268.56 | 298.16 | 327.70 | 357.20 | 386.64 | 416.04 | 445.39 | 474.68 | 553.13 | ||||
(1220.0) | 239.12 | 268.78 | 198.40 | 327.97 | 357.49 | 386.96 | 146.38 | 445.76 | 475.08 | 533.58 | |||||
1321.0 | 52 | 291.20 | 323.31 | 327.97 | 387.38 | 449.34 | 451.26 | 483.12 | 514.93 | 578.41 | |||||
(1420.0) | 347.72 | 355.37 | 416.66 | 451.08 | 485.41 | 519.74 | 553.96 | 622.32 | 690.52 | ||||||
1422.0 | 56 | 348.22 | 382.23 | 417.27 | 451.72 | 486.13 | 520.48 | 554.97 | 623.25 | 691.51 | 759.58 | ||||
1524.0 | 60 | 373.38 | 410.44 | 447.46 | 484.43 | 521.34 | 558.21 | 595.03 | 688.52 | 741.82 | 814.91 | ||||
(1620.0) | 397.03 | 436.48 | 457.84 | 515.20 | 554.46 | 593.73 | 623.87 | 711.11 | 789.12 | 867.00 | |||||
1626.0 | 64 | 398.53 | 438.11 | 477.64 | 517.13 | 556.56 | 595.95 | 635.28 | 713.80 | 792.13 | 870.26 | ||||
1727.0 | 68 | 423.44 | 465.51 | 507.53 | 549.51 | 591.43 | 633.31 | 675.13 | 758.64 | 841.94 | 925.05 | ||||
(1820.0) | 446.37 | 492.74 | 535.06 | 579.32 | 623.50 | 667.71 | 711.79 | 799.92 | 887.81 | 975.51 | |||||
1829.0 | 72 | 493.18 | 626.65 | 671.04 | 714.20 | 803.92 | 890.77 | 980.39 | |||||||
1930.0 | 76 | 661.52 | 708.40 | 755.23 | 848.75 | 942.07 | 1035.19 | ||||||||
(2020.0) | 692.60 | 741.69 | 790.75 | 888.70 | 986.41 | 1084.02 | |||||||||
2032.0 | 80 | 696.74 | 746.13 | 795.48 | 894.03 | 992.38 | 1090.53 | ||||||||
(2220.0) | 761.65 | 815.68 | 869.66 | 977.50 | 1085.80 | 1192.53 | |||||||||
(2420.0) | 948.58 | 1066.26 | 1183.75 | 1301.04 | |||||||||||
(2540.0) | 100 | 995.93 | 1119.53 | 1242.94 | 1366.15 | ||||||||||
(2845.0) | 112 | 1116.28 | 1254.93 | 1393.37 | 1531.63 |
Lura:
1.Haka kuma akwai bututun ƙarfe a cikin ƙananan diamita na waje da kauri na bango tsakanin girman da ke kusa da su da aka jera a cikin tebur, amma za a sanya hannu kan kwangila.
2. Diamita na waje mara kyau a cikin maƙallan a cikin tebur an tanada diamita.
Daya daga cikin muhimman al'amurran da yin amfani da karkace karfebututu don layin ruwa na karkashin kasane dace waldi hanyoyin. Walda shine tsarin haɗa sassa biyu na ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da zafi da matsa lamba. Don bututun ruwa na karkashin kasa, ingancin walda kai tsaye yana shafar daidaito da amincin bututun.
Dacehanyoyin walda bututudon karkace bututun ƙarfe ya ƙunshi matakai masu mahimmanci da yawa. Na farko, saman bututun da za a yi wa walda dole ne ya kasance mai tsabta kuma ba shi da wani gurɓataccen abu kamar datti, mai, ko fenti. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa walda yana da ƙarfi kuma ba shi da ƙazanta waɗanda za su iya yin lahani ga ƙarfinsa.

Bayan haka, ma'aunin walda kamar shigar da zafi, saurin walda, da fasaha dole ne a kula da su a hankali don cimma matakan walda masu inganci. Yin amfani da kayan walda masu dacewa da dabaru na da mahimmanci don hana lahani kamar porosity, fasa, ko rashin haɗuwa, wanda zai iya lalata amincin walda.
Bugu da ƙari, ingantattun hanyoyin magance zafi da zafi bayan walda suna da mahimmanci ga bututun ƙarfe na karkace da ake amfani da su a cikin layin ruwan ƙasa. Preheating yana taimakawa rage haɗarin fashewa kuma yana haɓaka ingancin walda gabaɗaya, yayin da bayan-weld magani na zafi yana kawar da saura damuwa kuma yana tabbatar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun microstructure a duk faɗin yankin walda.
Bugu da kari, yin amfani da na'urorin zamani na walda kamar hanyoyin walda da sarrafa walda da gwajin da ba ya lalata na iya kara inganta inganci da amincin walda. Wadannan fasahohin na taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa gidajen da aka yi wa walda sun hadu da karfin da ake bukata da ka'idojin inganci don samar da kwanciyar hankali game da aikin dogon lokaci na layin ruwan karkashin kasa.
A taƙaice, hanyoyin walda bututun da suka dace suna da mahimmanci don tabbatar da daidaito da dawwama na bututun ƙarfe na karkace da ake amfani da su a cikin layin ruwan ƙasa. Ta bin matakan walda masu mahimmanci, dabaru da matakan kula da inganci, ana iya rage haɗarin lahanin walda da kasawa sosai. Sakamakon shine ingantaccen layin ruwa mai dorewa wanda zai iya jure gwajin lokaci da samar da sabis na isar da ruwa mai aminci da inganci. Don layukan ruwa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa, saka hannun jari a cikin ingantaccen shirin walda wani muhimmin mataki ne na tabbatar da cikakken aminci da tsawon rayuwar bututun.