Aikin sinadaran da ke cikin ƙarfe

1. Carbon (C). Carbon shine mafi mahimmancin sinadari da ke shafar lalacewar filastik na ƙarfe mai sanyi. Mafi girman sinadarin carbon, mafi girman ƙarfin ƙarfe, da kuma ƙarancin ƙarfin sanyi. An tabbatar da cewa ga kowace ƙaruwar kashi 0.1% a cikin sinadarin carbon, ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa yana ƙaruwa kusan 27.4Mpa; ƙarfin juriya yana ƙaruwa kusan 58.8Mpa; kuma tsawaitawa yana raguwa kusan kashi 4.3%. Don haka yawan sinadarin carbon a cikin ƙarfe yana da babban tasiri akan aikin lalacewar filastik mai sanyi na ƙarfe.

2. Manganese (Mn). Manganese yana amsawa da ƙarfe oxide a cikin narkewar ƙarfe, galibi don cire iskar oxygen daga ƙarfe. Manganese yana amsawa da ƙarfe sulfide a cikin ƙarfe, wanda zai iya rage tasirin sulfur akan ƙarfe. Manganese sulfide da aka samar zai iya inganta aikin yanke ƙarfe. Manganese na iya inganta ƙarfin juriya da samar da ƙarfin ƙarfe, yana rage ƙarfin sanyi, wanda ba shi da kyau ga lalacewar filastik na ƙarfe mai sanyi. Duk da haka, manganese yana da mummunan tasiri akan ƙarfin nakasa. Tasirin shine kusan 1/4 na carbon. Saboda haka, ban da buƙatu na musamman, abun da ke cikin manganese na ƙarfen carbon bai kamata ya wuce 0.9%.

3. Silicon (Si). Silicon shine ragowar deoxidizer yayin narkewar ƙarfe. Lokacin da sinadarin silicon a cikin ƙarfe ya ƙaru da kashi 0.1%, ƙarfin tururin yana ƙaruwa kusan 13.7Mpa. Lokacin da sinadarin silicon ya wuce kashi 0.17% kuma sinadarin carbon ya yi yawa, yana da babban tasiri akan rage ƙarfin tururin sanyi na ƙarfe. Ƙara sinadarin silicon a cikin ƙarfe yadda ya kamata yana da amfani ga cikakkun halayen injiniya na ƙarfe, musamman iyakokin roba, yana iya ƙara juriyar ƙarfe mai narkewa. Duk da haka, lokacin da sinadarin silicon a cikin ƙarfe ya wuce kashi 0.15%, abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba suna samuwa cikin sauri. Ko da an lalata babban ƙarfen silicon, ba zai yi laushi ba kuma ya rage halayen gurɓataccen filastik na ƙarfe. Saboda haka, ban da buƙatun ƙarfin aiki na samfurin, ya kamata a rage yawan sinadarin silicon gwargwadon iko.

4. Sulfur (S). Sulfur ƙazanta ne mai cutarwa. Sulfur da ke cikin ƙarfe zai raba ƙwayoyin ƙarfe masu lu'ulu'u daga juna kuma ya haifar da tsatsa. Kasancewar sulfur kuma yana haifar da zazzaɓi da tsatsar ƙarfe. Saboda haka, yawan sulfur ɗin ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da 0.055%. Karfe mai inganci ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da 0.04%.

5. Phosphorus (P). Phosphorus yana da ƙarfi wajen taurare aiki da kuma rarrabuwa mai tsanani a cikin ƙarfe, wanda ke ƙara ƙarfin karyewar ƙarfen kuma yana sa ƙarfen ya zama mai sauƙin lalacewa ga zaizayar acid. Phosphorus a cikin ƙarfe kuma zai lalata ƙarfin lalata filastik mai sanyi kuma ya haifar da fashewar samfura yayin zane. Ya kamata a sarrafa yawan phosphorus a cikin ƙarfe ƙasa da 0.045%.

6. Sauran abubuwan ƙarfe. Sauran abubuwan ƙarfe a cikin ƙarfen carbon, kamar Chromium, Molybdenum da Nickel, suna wanzuwa a matsayin ƙazanta, waɗanda ba su da tasiri sosai ga ƙarfe fiye da carbon, kuma abun da ke ciki shi ma ƙarami ne ƙwarai.